天然存在的小核酸具有较差的稳定性和非常低的特异性，化学修饰是增强小核苷酸药物成药的有效方法。除了小核酸的磷酸骨架的PS修饰，大多数是在核苷的核糖和碱基的修饰已被广泛采用。将修饰的好的核苷和磷试剂反应做成核酸单体（亚磷酰胺结构），核酸单体按照序列进行小核酸药物的组装。
| Base R | A(Bz) | C(Bz) | C(Ac) | meC(Bz) | G(iBu) | G(dmf) | T | U | I |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H |
98796-53-3
98796-53-3C48H53N6O7P 856.96 |
102212-98-6
102212-98-6C47H53N4O8P 832.93 |
154110-40-4
154110-40-4C42H51N4O8P 770.86 |
105931-57-5
105931-57-5C48H55N4O8P 846.96 |
93183-15-4
93183-15-4C45H55N6O8P 838.94 |
330628-04-1
330628-04-1C44H54N7O7P 823.93 |
98796-51-1
98796-51-1C41H50N3O8P 743.84 |
109389-30-2
109389-30-2C40H48N3O8P 729.81 |
141684-35-7
141684-35-7C41H48N5O7P 753.84 |
| F |
136834-22-5
136834-22-5C48H52FN6O7P 874.95 |
161442-19-9
161442-19-9C47H52FN4O8P 850.93 |
159414-99-0
159414-99-0C42H50FN4O8P 788.85 |
182495-83-6
182495-83-6C48H54FN4O8P 864.95 |
144089-97-4
144089-97-4C45H54FN6O8P 856.93 |
1391913-24-8
1391913-24-8C44H53FN7O7P 841.92 |
182700-06-7
182700-06-7C41H49FN3O8P 761.83 |
146954-75-8
146954-75-8C40H47FN3O8P 747.8 |
无登记
无登记C30H30N2O7 530.58 |
| OCH3 |
110782-31-5
110782-31-5C49H55N6O8P 886.99 |
110764-78-8
110764-78-8C48H55N4O9P 862.96 |
199593-09-4
199593-09-4C43H53N4O9P 800.89 |
166593-57-3
166593-57-3C49H57N4O9P 876.99 |
150780-67-9
150780-67-9C46H57N6O9P 868.97 |
128219-77-2
128219-77-2C45H56N7O8P 853.96 |
153631-20-0
153631-20-0C42H52N3O9P 773.86 |
110764-79-9
110764-79-9C41H50N3O9P 759.84 |
无登记
无登记C42H50N5O8P 783.86 |
| OMOE |
251647-53-7
251647-53-7C51H59N6O9P 931.04 |
251647-54-8
251647-54-8C50H59N4O10P 907.01 |
无登记
无登记C45H57N4O10P 844.94 |
163759-94-2
163759-94-2C51H61N4O10P 921.04 |
251647-55-9
251647-55-9C48H61N6O10P 913.02 |
无登记
无登记C47H60N7O9P 898.01 |
163878-63-5
163878-63-5C44H56N3O10P 817.92 |
163759-97-5
163759-97-5C43H54N3O10P 803.89 |
无登记
无登记C44H54N5O9P 827.92 |
| OTBS |
104992-55-4
104992-55-4C54H67N6O8PSi 987.22 |
118380-84-0
118380-84-0C53H67N4O9PSi 963.2 |
121058-88-6
121058-88-6C48H65N4O9PSi 901.13 |
160107-14-2
160107-14-2C54H69N4O9PSi 977.22 |
147201-04-5
147201-04-5C51H69N6O9PSi 969.2 |
149559-87-5
149559-87-5C50H68N7O8PSi 954.19 |
153631-20-0
153631-20-0C47H64N3O9PSi 874.1 |
118362-03-1
118362-03-1C46H62N3O9PSi 860.07 |
无登记
无登记C47H62N5O8PSi 884.1 |
| OC16H33 |
2382942-35-8
2382942-35-8C64H85N6O8P 1097.39 |
无登记
无登记C63H85N4O9P 1073.37 |
2382942-38-1
2382942-38-1C58H83N4O9P 1011.29 |
无登记
无登记C64H87N4O9P 1087.39 |
2382942-32-5
2382942-32-5C61H87N6O9P 1079.37 |
无登记
无登记C60H86N7O8P 1064.36 |
无登记
无登记C57H82N3O9P 984.27 |
2382942-83-6
2382942-83-6C56H80N3O9P 970.24 |
无登记
无登记C57H80N5O8P 994.27 |
| OPA |
171486-59-2
171486-59-2C51H55N6O8P 911.01 |
171486-60-5
171486-60-5C50H55N4O9P 886.98 |
1498305-51-3
1498305-51-3C45H53N4O9P 824.91 |
无登记
无登记C50H56N5O9P 902 |
171486-61-6
171486-61-6C48H57N6O9P 892.99 |
210096-46-1
210096-46-1C47H56N7O8P 877.98 |
860640-63-7
860640-63-7C44H52N3O9P 797.89 |
171486-62-7
171486-62-7C43H50N3O9P 783.86 |
无登记
无登记C44H50N5O8P 807.88 |
| 其他 | 定制 | ||||||||
| Base R | A(Bz) | meC(Bz) | G(iBu) | T |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H |
206055-79-0
206055-79-0C48H52N7O8P 885.96 |
206055-82-5
206055-82-5C48H54N5O9P 875.96 |
206055-77-8
206055-77-8C45H56N7O8P 853.96 |
206055-75-6
206055-75-6C41H49N4O9P 772.84 |
| CH3 |
1197033-19-4
1197033-19-4C49H54N7O8P 899.99 |
1197033-17-2
1197033-17-2C49H56N5O9P 889.99 |
945628-66-0
945628-66-0C46H58N7O8P 867.98 |
1197033-22-9
1197033-22-9C42H51N4O9P 786.86 |
| CN |
无登记
无登记C49H51N8O8P 910.97 |
无登记
无登记C49H53N6O9P 900.97 |
无登记
无登记C46H55N8O8P 878.97 |
2404654-12-0
2404654-12-0C42H48N5O9P 797.85 |
| 其他 | 定制 | |||
| Base R | A(Bz) | C(Ac) | G(iBu) | U |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OBz |
1120329-52-3
1120329-52-3C54H58N7O9P 980.07 |
1120329-56-7
1120329-56-7C48H56N5O10P 893.97 |
1120329-61-4
1120329-61-4C51H62N7O9P 948.07 |
1120329-48-7
1120329-48-7C46H53N4O10P 852.92 |
| 其他 | 定制 | |||